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What Causes War?: An Introduction To Theories Of International Conflict
Free Ebook What Causes War?: An Introduction To Theories Of International Conflict
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Review
Greg Cashman thoroughly examines the validity and reliability of empirical findings and the theories of international relations they attempt to test. He is clear, balanced, and precise. Every student of world politics ought to own this book. (Charles F. Doran, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of International Relations, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies)Cashman takes a comprehensive look at the various factors thought to contribute to the outbreak of war. Using a levels of analysis approach, he presents an exhaustive set of theories at the individual, substate, state, dyadic, and international levels. Following the explanation of each theory, Cashman presents the empirical record supporting and/or refuting the theories. In this second edition, the book has been expanded to include the growing body of literature examining the causes of war. Further, Cashman has added more depth to the theoretical discussions by including throughout the book case illustrations that should help pique the interest of students. He has also added a chapter on constructivism reflecting an evolving field of study. This book presents a most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of literature surrounding the causes of war. It is ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduates studying contemporary war. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, research, and professional collections. (CHOICE)
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About the Author
Greg Cashman is professor emeritus and adjunct professor in political science at Salisbury University, Maryland.
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Product details
Paperback: 620 pages
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; Second edition (July 29, 2013)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 074256651X
ISBN-13: 978-0742566514
Product Dimensions:
7 x 1.6 x 10 inches
Shipping Weight: 2.9 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.3 out of 5 stars
5 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#827,370 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
The book was for another grad course, and after completing the material. The reader is left with the feeling, of over analysis on key points. If you dig hard enough you will find something, or explore the ideas in a sociological manner and contradict your findings chapter after chapter. By the time the end, presents itself, your back where you started. The human is the commonality, and the remaining chapters explore other venues, for argument purposes in a social perspective.
The author of the book taught my Causes of War class at school and this book goes into great depth and detail of all the theories of war and the different levels of government which can affect war. I'm keeping it so I can go back and flip through because of all the tension and turmoil that's building up between states as well as religious and terrorist groups.
Cashman assembles a wide range of theoretical explanations for war in this volume, covering multiple levels of analysis: the human race as a whole, the individual, small groups, domestic institutions, state vs. state, and finally the systemic.The author makes clear the vibrant discussion in the social sciences about the causes of war; theories are presented alongside the evidence of those who disagree with those ideas. However, this applies to virtually every explanation presented in the book (except for near truisms, like that big states go to war more often than smalls states) so that this reader came away with the sense that we really don't have a good general model of war. Thus it would seem preferable to take the historian's approach: look at each war separately to determine particular causes.The book is also excluded some important subject matter: the focus is largely on recent (i.e. 20th and 19th century), major wars. There is almost no discussion of war prior to 1500 CE. In addition, the perspective is highly Eurocentric; that is, virtually all scholarly sources are from the US or Europe. This leaves the reader without explanation for, say, tribal warfare which may be fought over honor rather than for relative power.In addition, the book (or at least my version) has numerous typos spread throughout the book.What Cashman does succeed at is providing various explanations for wars between major powers, often European, and presenting them in a clear, accessible format.
My copy of this book was published in 1993, but the 1999 edition available on Amazon appears to be the same book, a reissue, not a revision.Prof. Cashman has performed the heroic task of creating a textbook accessible to undergraduates on a subject that continues to perplex the Henry Kissingers and Robert McNamaras of the world. He is honest enough to say in his summary chapter that he does not know the answer to the question he poses, nor does anyone else. In the process of coming to that conclusion, he provides an excellent survey of the various theoretical approaches to the problem of the causation of war, an accomplishment for which he gets 5 stars.However, I have some significant criticisms of this book, which seems to be a standard text for undergraduate courses on warfare. My concerns are Prof. Cashman's tendency toward simplistic thinking and, for want of a better term, his "liberal" bias. By "liberal", I mean a belief that human beings are basically good natured creatures who will behave nicely if left unmolested by politicians and capitalist expoiters. This is the view espoused by Rousseau and by those thinkers on the Left who have followed in Rousseau's footsteps.His belief that "the central imperative of our times is therefore to avoid wars of mass destruction; all other goals suffer in comparison" is not espoused by several other nation-states with which we share Planet Earth, not to mention the practitioners of terror. This leaves him in the end unprepared to follow the logic of his own research and study: If "one theme of this book is that if we can understand the causes of war, we should be better able to prevent their occurance", then Prof. Cashman should be able to come up with a better ending to his book than an exhortion to national leaders to "Do the right thing." Winston Churchill would no doubt have appreciated that insight during The Battle of Britain, but he might have wanted a little more detail as to how to determine just exactly what IS the "right thing". But Prof. Cashman admits that he can't tell us, so why does he get our hopes up in the first place?Another concern is that Prof. Cashman frequently engages in evasive rhetorical tactics by grossly mischaracterizing the position of those with whom he disagrees. For example, he states:"Those who believe that the fundamental cause of war is that humans are naturally aggressive take the position that all men (and women) are the same."This is a caricature of the argument he opposes, not a fair statement of it, as would be obvious to anyone who has read Thucydides, Machiavelli, Calvin, Hobbes, Freud, and the framers of the American Constitution, not to mention numerous modern philosophers and historians and of course the sociobiologists. By resorting to such a caricature he undercuts the validity of his criticism and gravely weakens his overall argument.I was motivated to write this review by the thought that Prof. Cashman has the question wrong. It's obvious to all but the most extreme believer in the "tabula rasa" that war is caused by human misbehavior of great variety and ingenuity. The real question is: What causes peace? And are we capable of finding a better answer than that of the Roman Vegetius: "Si vis pacem, para bellum": "If you would have peace, prepare for war"?So far, the realistic answer is "No".Should we continue to look for a better answer? Yes, but not at the price of making ourselves vulnerable to attack.As a wise person once said, "The only thing worse than a war won is a war lost."
Excellent book! Discusses the various theories on causes of war at all three levels. Much more comprehensive than most other books on the topic, even if it does not provide a ready made conclusion. Excellent resource for teaching and research.
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